Peer-reviewed journal articles by HAL scientists

• Spinelli MA, Rodrigues WC, Wang G, Vincent M, Glidden DV, Okochi H, Stalter R, Defechereux P, Deutsch M, Grant RM, Ngure K, Mugo NR, Baeten JM, Gandhi M. High accuracy of a real-time urine antibody-based tenofovir point-of-care test compared to laboratory-based ELISA in diverse populations. JAIDS 2020 (in press)
• Gandhi M, Bacchetti P, Spinelli MA, Okochi H, Baeten JM, Siriprakaisil O, Klinbuayaem V, Rodrigues WC, Wang W, Vincent M, Cressey TR, Drain PK.  Brief Report: Validation of a Urine Tenofovir Immunoassay for Adherence Monitoring to PrEP and ART and Establishing the Cut-Off for a Point-of-Care Test. JAIDS 2019 May 1;81(1):72-77. PMID: 30664078
• Spinelli MA, Glidden DV, Rodrigues W, Wang G, Vincent M, Okochi H, Kuncze K, Mehrotra M, Defechereux P, Buchbinder SP, Grant RM, Gandhi M.  Low tenofovir leve in urine by a novel immunoassay is associated with seroconversion in PrEP demonstration project. AIDS 2019 Apr 1;33(5):867-872. PMID: 30649051
• Gandhi M, Wang G, King R, Rodrigues WC, Vincent M, Glidden DV, Cressey TR, Bacchetti P, Spinelli MA, Okochi H, Siriprakaisil O, Klinbuayaem V, Mugo NR, Ngure K, Drain PK, Baeten JM. Development and validation of the first point-of-care assay to objectively monitor adherence to HIV treatment and prevention in real-time in routine settings. AIDS 2020 Feb 1;34(2):255-260. PMID: 31634188
• Cohen SE, Sachdev D, Lee SA, Scheer S, Bacon O, Chen M, Okochi H, Anderson PL, Kearney MF, Coffey S, Scott H, Grant RM, Havlir D, Gandhi M. Acquisition of tenofovir-susceptible HIV despite consistently high level adherence to daily PrEP : a case report. Lancet HIV 2018 Nov 29 doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(18)30288-1. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 30503324; PMCID: in progress (NIHMS ID: NIHMS1515982)
• Koss CA, Liu A, Castillo-Mancilla J, Bacchetti P, McHugh C, Kuncze K, Morrow M, Louie A, Seifert S, Okochi H, MaWhinney S, Gandhi M, Anderson PL. Similar Tenofovir Hair Concentrations in Men and Women after Directly-Observed Dosing of TDF/FTC: Implications for PrEP Adherence Monitoring. AIDS 2018 Sep 24;32(15):2189-2194. PMID: 30005019; PMCID: PMC6330141 (NIHMS ID: NIHMS987954).
• Gandhi M, Ofokotun O, Bacchetti P, Jin C, Ribaudo H, Haas DW, Sheth AN, Horng H, Phung N, Kuncze K, Okochi R, Landovitz RJ, Lennox J, Currier JS. Antiretroviral concentrations in hair strongly predict virologic response in a large HIV treatment-naive clinical trial. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2018 Sept 3. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy764 [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 30184104; PMCID: PMC6399433
• Colby D, Kroon E, Sacdalan C, Gandhi M, Grant R, Phanuphak P, Ananworanich J, Robb ML, Phanuphak N. Acquisition of multidrug resistant HIV-1 infection in a patient taking pre-exposure prophylaxis. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2018 Aug 31;67(6):962-964. PMID: 29961859; PMCID: PMC6117447
• Gandhi M, Bacchetti P, Rodrigues WC, Spinelli M, Koss CA, Drain PK, Baeten JM, Mugo NR, Ngure K, Benet LZ, Okochi H, Wang G, Vincent M. Development and Validation of an Immunoassay for Tenofovir in Urine as a Real-Time Metric of Antiretroviral Adherence. EClinical Medicine (Published by The Lancet) 2018 Aug 30; 2:22-28; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2018.08.004. PMID: 30906930; PMCID: PMC6428441 (NIHMS ID: NIHMS988466).
• Gandhi M, Gandhi RT, Stefanescu A, Bosch RJ, Cyktor JC, Horng H, Louie A, Phung N, Eron JJ, Hogg E, Macatangay BJ, Hensel C, Fletcher CV, Mellors JW, McMahon DK and the A5321 team. Cumulative Antiretroviral Exposure Measured in Hair Is Not Associated with Measures of HIV Persistence or Inflammation among Individuals on Suppressive ART. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2018 Jun 20;218(2):234-238. PMID: 29529230; PMCID: PMC6009579.  
• Saberi P, Ming K, Legnitto D, Neilands T, Gandhi M, Johnson MO. Novel Methods to Estimate Antiretroviral Adherence: Protocol for a Longitudinal Study. Patient Preference and Adherence 2018 Jun 18;12:1033-1042. PMID: 29950816; PMCID: PMC6014386.
• Jotwani V, Scherzer R, Glidden DV, Mehrotra M, Defechereux P, Liu A, Gandhi M, Bennett M, Coca SG, Parikh CR, Grant RM, Shlipak S. Pre-exposure prophylaxis with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/ emtricitabine and kidney tubular dysfunction in HIV-uninfected individuals. JAIDS 2018 Jun 1;78(2):169-174. PMID: 29767638; PMCID: PMC6071417.
• Tabb ZJ, Mmbaga BT, Gandhi M, Louie A, Kuncze K, Okochi H, Shayo AM, Turner EL, Cunningham CK, Dow DE. Antiretroviral Drug Concentrations in Hair Are Associated with Virologic Outcomes Among Young People in Tanzania Living with HIV. AIDS 2018 Jun 1;32(9):1115-1123. PMID: 29438196; PMCID: PMC5945296.
• Thaden JT, Gandhi M, Okochi H, Christopher CB, McKellar MS. Seroconversion On PrEP: A Case Report with Segmental Hair Analysis for Timed Adherence Determination. AIDS 2018 Jun 1;32(9):F1-F4. PMID: 29683856; PMCID: PMC6140333.
• Phung N, Kuncze K, Okochi H, Louie A, Benet LZ, Ofokotun O, Haas DW, Currier JS, Chawana T, Sheth AN, Bacchetti P, Gandhi M, Horng H. Development and Validation of an Assay to Analyze Atazanavir in Human Hair Via Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 2018 Mar 15;32(5):431-441. PMID: 29315954; PMCID: PMC5848502.
• Seifert SM, Castillo-Mancilla J, Erlandson K, Morrow M, Gandhi M, Kuncze K, Horng H, Zheng J, Bushman LR, Kiser JJ, MaWhinney S, Anderson PL. Adherence biomarker measurements in older HIV-infected adults receiving tenofovir-based therapy. JAIDS 2018 Mar 1;77(3):295-298; PMID: 29189417; PMCID: PMC5807216.
• Baxi SM, Vittinghoff E, Bacchetti P, Huang Y, Chillag K, Wiegand R, Anderson PL, Grant R, Greenblatt RM, Buchbinder S, Gandhi M, Liu AY. Comparing pharmacologic measures of tenofovir exposure in a U.S. pre-exposure prophylaxis randomized trial. PLOS One 2018 Jan 9;13(1):e0190118. PMID: 29315307; PMCID: PMC5760024.
• Markowitz M, Grossman H, Anderson PL, Grant RM, Gandhi M, Horng H, Sullivan V, Granade TC, Mohri H. Newly acquired infection with multi-drug resistant HIV-1 in a patient adherent to pre-exposure prophylaxis. JAIDS 2017 Dec 1;76(4):e104-e106. PMID: 29076941; PMCID: PMC5792163.
• Pintye J, Bacchetti P, Teeraananchai S, Kerr S, Prasitsuebsai W, Singtoroj T, Kuncze K, Louie A, Koss, CA, Jin C, Phung N, Horng H, Sohn AH, Gandhi M. Lopinavir hair concentrations are the strongest predictor of viremia in HIV-infected Asian children and adolescents on second-line antiretroviral therapy. JAIDS 2017 Dec 1;76(4):367-371. PMID: 28825944; PMCID: PMC5659884.
• Saberi P, Neilands TB, Ming K, Johnson MO, Kuncze K, Koss CA, Gandhi M. Strong correlation between concentrations of antiretrovirals in home-collected and study-collected hair samples: implications for adherence monitoring. JAIDS 2017 Dec 1;76(4):e101-e103. PMID: 28657913; PMCID: PMC5659889.
• Gandhi M, Murnane PM, Bacchetti, Elion R, Kolber MA, Cohen SE, Horng H, Louie A, Kuncze K, Koss CA, Anderson PL, Buchbinder S, Liu A. Hair levels of PrEP drugs measure adherence and are associated with renal decline among men/transwomen in an open label PrEP study. AIDS. 2017 Oct 23;31(16):2245-2251. PMID: 28832411; PMCID: PMC5633521.
• Chawana TD, Gandhi M, Nathoo K, Ngara B, Louie A, Horng H, Katzenstein D, Metcalfe J, Nhachi CFB; Adolescent Treatment Failure (ATF) study team. Defining a cut-off for atazanavir in hair samples associated with virological failure among adolescents failing second-line antiretroviral treatment. JAIDS 2017 Sep 1;76(1):55-59. PMID: 28520618; PMCID: PMC5552420.
• Koss CA, Hosek SG, Bacchetti P, Anderson PL, Liu AY, Horng H, Benet LZ, Kuncze K, Louie A, Saberi P, Wilson CM, Gandhi M. Comparison of measures of adherence to HIV preexposure prophylaxis among adolescent and young men who have sex with men in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Aug 24. PMID: 29020194; PMCID: PMC5850042.
• Abassa A, Hendrix H, Gandhi M, Anderson P, Kamali A, Kibengo F, Sanders EJ, Mutua G, Bumpus NN, Priddy F, Haberer JE. Utility of different adherence measures for PrEP: patterns and incremental value. AIDS and Behavior. 2018 Apr;22(4):1165-1173. PMID: 29090394; PMCID: PMC5878836. 
• Koss CA, Bacchetti P, Hillier SL, Livant E, Horng H, Mgodi N, Mirembe BG, Gomez Feliciano K, Horn S, Liu AY, Glidden DV, Grant RM, Benet LZ, Louie A, van der Straten A, Chirenje ZM, Marrazzo JM, Gandhi M. Differences in cumulative exposure and adherence to tenofovir in the VOICE, iPrEx OLE, and PrEP Demo studies as determined via hair concentrations. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2017 Mar 2. doi: 10.1089/aid.2016.0202; PMID: 28253024; PMCID: PMC5564054. 
• Metcalfe J, Gerona R, Wen A, Bacchetti P, Gandhi M. An LC-MS/MS-based method to analyze the anti-tuberculosis drug bedaquiline in hair. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2017 Sep 1;21(9):1069-1070. PMID: 28826458; PMCID: PMC5701570. 
• Gandhi M, Glidden DV, Mayer K, Schechter M, Buchbinder S, Grinsztejn B, Hosek S, Casapia M, Guanira J, Bekker LG, Louie A, Horng H, Benet LZ, Liu A, Grant RM. Association of age, baseline kidney function, and medication exposure with declines in creatinine clearance on pre-exposure prophylaxis: an observational cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2016 Nov;3(11):e521-e528. PMID: 27658870; PMCID: PMC5085869.
• Gerona R, Wen A, Koss C, Bacchetti P, Gandhi M, Metcalfe J. A multi-analyte panel for non-invasive pharmacokinetic monitoring of second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2016; Jul;20(7):991-2. PMID: 27287660; PMCID: PMC5119745.
• Sheth AN, Rolle CP, Gandhi M. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for women. J Virus Erad. 2016 Jul 1;2(3):149-55. PMID: 27482454; PMCID: PMC4967966.
• Mave V, Chandanwale A, Kinikar A, Khadse S, Kagal A, Gupte N, Suryavanshi N, Nimkar S, Koli H, Khwaja S, Bharadwaj R, Joshi S, Horng H, Benet LZ, Ramachandran G, Dooley KE, Gupta A, Gandhi M. Isoniazid hair concentrations in children with tuberculosis: a proof of concept study. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2016 Jun;20(6):844-7. PMID: 27155191; PMCID: PMC4889729.
• Gerona R, Wen A, Chin AT, Koss CA, Bacchetti P, Metcalfe J, Gandhi M. Quantifying isoniazid levels in small hair samples: A novel method for assessing adherence during the treatment of latent and active tuberculosis. PLoS One. 2016 May 18;11(5):e0155887. PMID: 27191185; PMCID: PMC4871544.
• Koss C, Natureeba P, Mwesigwa J, Cohan D, Nzarubara B, Bacchetti P, Horng H, Clark TD, Plenty A, Ruel TD, Achan J, Charlebois ED, Kamya MR, Havlir DV, Gandhi M. Hair concentrations of antiretrovirals predict viral suppression in HIV-infected pregnant and breastfeeding Ugandan women. AIDS 2015 Nov;29(7):825-30. PMID: 25985404; PMCID: PMC4438773.
• Gandhi M, Glidden DV, Liu A, Anderson PL, Horng H, Defechereux P, Guanira JV, Grinsztejn B, Chariyalertsak S, Bekker LG, Grant RM, iPrEx Study Team. Strong correlation between concentrations of tenofovir (TFV) emtricitabine (FTC) in hair and TFV diphosphate and FTC triphosphate in dried blood spots in the iPrEx open label extension: implications for pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence monitoring. J Infect Dis. 2015 Nov 1;212(9):1402-6. PMID: 25895984; PMCID: PMC4601920.
• Gwadz M, Cleland CM, Applegate E, Belkin M, Gandhi M, Salomon N, Banfield A, Leonard N, Riedel M, Wolfe H, Pickens I, Bolger K, Bowens D, Perlman D, Mildvan D; Heart to Heart Collaborative Research Team. Behavioral intervention improves treatment outcomes among HIV-infected individuals who have delayed, declined, or discontinued antiretroviral therapy: a randomized controlled trial of a novel intervention. AIDS Behav. 2015 Oct;19(10):1801-17. PMID: 25835462; PMCID: PMC4567451.
• Prasitsuebsai W, Kerr SJ, Truong KH, Ananworanich J, Do VC, Nguyen LV, Kurniati N, Kosalaraksa P, Sudjaritruk T, Chokephaibulkit K, Thammajaruk N, Singtoroj T, Teeraananchai S, Horng H, Bacchetti P, Gandhi M, Sohn AH. Using lopinavir concentrations in hair samples to assess treatment outcomes on second-line regimens among Asian children. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2015 Oct;31(10):1009-14. PMID: 26200586; PMCID: PMC4576945.
• Hickey MD, Salmen CR, Omollo D, Mattah B, Fiorella KJ, Geng EH, Bacchetti P, Blat C, Ouma GB, Zoughbie D, Tessler RA, Salmen MR, Campbell H, Gandhi M, Shade S, Njoroge B, Bukusi EA, Cohen CR. Pulling the network together: quasi-experimental trial of a patient-defined support network intervention for promoting engagement in HIV care and medication adherence on Mfangano Island, Kenya. JAIDS 2015 Aug 1;66(3):311-5. PMID: 25984711; PMCID: PMC4485532.
• Baxi SM, Greenblatt RM, Bacchetti P, Jin C, French AL, Keller MJ, Augenbraun MH, Gange SJ, Liu C, Mack WJ, Gandhi M; Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Nevirapine concentration in hair samples is a strong predictor of virologic suppression in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected patients. PLoS One. 2015 Jun 8;10(6):e0129100. PMID: 26053176; PMCID: PMC4460031.
• Olds PK, Kiwanuka JP, Nansera D, Huang Y, Bacchetti P, Jin C, Gandhi M, Haberer JE. Assessment of HIV antiretroviral therapy adherence by measuring drug concentrations in hair among children in rural Uganda. AIDS Care. 2015 Mar;27(3):327-32. PMID: 25483955; PMCID: PMC4305465.
• Cohan D, Natureeba P, Koss CA, Plenty A, Luwedde F, Mwesigwa J, Ades V, Charlebois ED, Gandhi M, Clark TD, Nzarubara B, Achan J, Ruel T, Kamya MR, Havlir DV. Efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir versus efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected pregnant Ugandan women. AIDS 2015 Jan 14;29(2):183-91. PMID: 25426808; PMCID: PMC4428759.
• Baxi SM, Liu A, Bacchetti P, Mutua G, Sanders EJ, Kibengo FM, Haberer JE, Rooney J, Hendrix CW, Anderson PL, Huang Y, Priddy F, Gandhi M. Comparing the novel method of assessing PrEP adherence/exposure using hair samples to other pharmacologic and traditional measures. JAIDS 2015 Jan 1;68(1):13-20. PMID: 25296098; PMCID: PMC4262724.
• Hickey MD, Salmen CR, Tessler RA, Omollo D, Bacchetti P, Magerenge R, Mattah B, Salmen MR, Zoughbie D, Fiorella KJ, Geng E, Njoroge B, Jin C, Huang Y, Bukusi EA, Cohen CR, Gandhi M. Antiretroviral concentrations in small hair samples as a feasible marker of adherence in rural Kenya. JAIDS 2014 Jul 1;66(3):311-5. PMID: 24694932; PMCID: PMC4146734.
• Bartelink IH, Savic RM, Mwesigwa J, Achan J, Clark T, Plenty A, Charlebois E, Kamya M, Young SL, Gandhi M, Havlir D, Cohan D, Aweeka F. Pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir and efavirenz in food insecure HIV-infected pregnant and breastfeeding women in Tororo, Uganda. J Clin Pharmacol. 2014 Feb;54(2):121-32. PMID: 24038035; PMCID: PMC3933454.
• Gandhi M, Yang Q, Bacchetti P, Huang Y. A low-cost method for analyzing nevirapine levels in hair as a marker of adherence in resource-limited settings. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2014 Jan;30(1):25-8. PMID: 24164410; PMCID: PMC3887402.
• Liu AY, Yang Q, Huang Y, Bacchetti P, Anderson PL, Jin C, Goggin K, Stojanovski K, Grant R, Buchbinder SP, Greenblatt RM, Gandhi M. Strong relationship between oral dose and tenofovir hair levels in a randomized trial: hair as a potential adherence measure for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). PLoS One. 2014 Jan 8;9(1):e83736. PMID: 24421901; PMCID: PMC3885443.
• Baxi SM, Greenblatt RM, Bacchetti P, Scherzer R, Minkoff H, Huang Y, Anastos K, Cohen M, Gange SJ, Young M, Shlipak MG, Gandhi M. Common clinical conditions - age, low BMI, ritonavir use, mild renal impairment - affect tenofovir pharmacokinetics in a large cohort of HIV-infected women. AIDS 2014 Jan 2;28(1):59-66. PMID: 24275255; PMCID: PMC3956315.
• Zheng JH, Guida LA, Rower C, Castillo-Mancilla J, Meditz A, Klein B, Kerr BJ, Langness J, Bushman L, Kiser J, Anderson PL. Quantitation of tenofovir and emtricitabine in dried blood spots (DBS) with LC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2014 Jan;88:144-51. PMID: 24055850; PMCID: PMC3842403.
• Gandhi M, Mwesigwa J, Aweeka F, Plenty A, Charlebois E, Ruel TD, Huang Y, Clark T, Ades V, Natureeba P, Luwedde FA, Achan J, Kamya MR, Havlir DV, Cohan D; Prevention of Malaria and HIV Disease in Tororo (PROMOTE) Study. Hair and plasma data show that lopinavir, ritonavir, and efavirenz all transfer from mother to infant in utero, but only efavirenz transfers via breastfeeding. JAIDS 2013 Aug 15;63(5):578-84. PMID: 24135775; PMCID: PMC3800282.
• De Kesel PM, Sadones N, Capiau S, Lambert WE, Stove CP. Hemato-critical issues in quantitative analysis of dried blood spots: challenges and solutions. Bioanalysis. 2013 Aug;5(16):2023-41. PMID: 23937137.
• DiFrancesco R, Tooley K, Rosenkranz SL, Siminski S, Taylor CR, Pande P, Morse GD. Clinical pharmacology quality assurance for HIV and related infectious diseases research. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Jun;93(6):479-82. PMID: 23588323; PMCID: PMC3970711.
• Castillo-Mancilla JR, Zheng JH, Rower JE, Meditz A, Gardner EM, Predhomme J, Fernandez C, Langness J, Kiser JJ, Bushman LR, Anderson PL. Tenofovir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir diphosphate in dried blood spots for determining recent and cumulative drug exposure. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2013 Feb;29(2):384-90. PMID: 22935078; PMCID: PMC3552442.
• Gandhi M, Greenblatt RM, Bacchetti P, Jin C, Huang Y, Anastos K, Cohen M, Dehovitz JA, Sharp GB, Gange SJ, Liu C, Hanson SC, Aouizerat B; Women's Interagency HIV Study. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in CYP2B6 leads to >3-fold increases in efavirenz concentrations in plasma and hair among HIV-infected women. J Infect Dis. 2012 Nov;206(9):1453-61. PMID: 22927450; PMCID: PMC3466997.
• Huang Y, Yang Q, Yoon K, Lei Y, Shi R, Gee W, Lin ET, Greenblatt RM, Gandhi M. Microanalysis of the antiretroviral nevirapine in human hair from HIV-infected patients by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011 Oct;401(6):1923-33. PMID: 21847531; PMCID: PMC3477620.
• Gandhi M, Ameli N, Bacchetti P, Anastos K, Gange SJ, Minkoff H, Young M, Milam J, Cohen MH, Sharp GB, Huang Y, Greenblatt RM. Atazanavir concentration in hair is the strongest predictor of outcomes on antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2011 May;52(10):1267-75. PMID: 21507924; PMCID: PMC3079399.
• van Zyl GU, van Mens TE, McIlleron H, Zeier M, Nachega JB, Decloedt E, Malavazzi C, Smith P, Huang Y, van der Merwe L, Gandhi M, Maartens G. Low lopinavir plasma or hair concentrations explain second line protease inhibitor failures in a resource-limited setting. JAIDS 2011 Apr;56(4):333-9. PMID: 21239995; PMCID: PMC3073814.
• Parienti JJ, Ragland K, Lucht F, de la Blanchardiere A, Dargere S, Yazdanpanah Y, Dutheil JJ, Perre P, Verdon R, Bangsberg DR; ESPOIR and REACH Study Groups. Average adherence to boosted protease inhibitor therapy, rather than the pattern of missed doses, as a predictor of HIV RNA replication. Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Apr 15;50(8):1192-7. PMID: 20210643; PMCID: PMC3591724.
• Gandhi M, Ameli N, Gange SJ, Anastos K, Bacchetti P, Cohen M, Young M, Minkoff HL, Huang Y, Greenblatt RM. Concentrations of efavirenz in hair correlate strongly with 24-hour intensive PK measurements and with virologic outcomes. In: Program and abstracts of the 17th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; February 16-19, 2010; San Francisco. Poster N-154.
• ter Heine R, Beijnen JH, Huitema AD. Bioanalytical issues in patient-friendly sampling methods for therapeutic drug monitoring: focus on antiretroviral drugs. Bioanalysis. 2009 Oct;1(7):1329-38. PMID: 21083054.
• Gandhi M, Ameli N, Bacchetti P, Gange SJ, Anastos K, Levine A, Hyman CL, Cohen M, Young M, Huang Y, Greenblatt RM. Protease inhibitor levels in hair strongly predict virologic response to treatment. AIDS. 2009 Feb 20;23(4):471-8. PMID: 19165084; PMCID: PMC2654235.
• Huang Y, Gandhi M, Greenblatt RM, Gee W, Lin ET, Messenkoff N. Sensitive analysis of anti-HIV drugs, efavirenz, lopinavir and ritonavir, in human hair by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2008 Nov;22(21):3401-9. PMID: 18837069; PMCID: PMC2669487.
• Podsadecki TJ, Vrijens BC, Tousset EP, Rode RA, Hanna GJ. "White coat compliance" limits the reliability of therapeutic drug monitoring in HIV-1-infected patients. HIV Clin Trials. 2008 Jul-Aug;9(4):238-246. PMID: 18753118.
• Nettles RE, Kieffer TL, Parsons T, Johnson J, Cofrancesco J, Jr., Gallant JE, Carson KA, Siliciano RF, Flexner C. Marked intraindividual variability in antiretroviral concentrations may limit the utility of therapeutic drug monitoring. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Apr 15;42(8):1189-96. PMID: 16575741.
• Gandhi M, Greenblatt RM. Hair it is: the long and short of monitoring antiretroviral treatment. Ann Intern Med. 2002 Oct 15;137(8):696-7. PMID: 12379072.
• Beumer J, Bosman I, Maes R. Hair as a biological specimen for therapeutic drug monitoring. Int J Clin Pract. 2001 Jul-Aug;55:353-7. PMID: 11501221.
• Williams J, Patsalos PN, Mei Z, Schapel G, Wilson JF, Richens A. Relation between dosage of carbamazepine and concentration in hair and plasma samples from a compliant inpatient epileptic population. Ther Drug Monit. 2001 Feb;23(1):15-20. PMID: 11206037.
• Cramer JA, Scheyer RD, Mattson RH. Compliance declines between clinic visits. Arch Intern Med. 1990 Jul;150(7):1509-10. PMID: 2369248.